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Fashion Brand Launches During Lockdown. Now That’s Bold.

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New, NZ fashion brand, Bold Clothing launches online with a unique collection of bamboo clothing and sequin hoodies. Targeted at the streetwear and casual-wear markets, the original, durable and versatile designs are not only eye-catching, but are predominantly made from sustainable bamboo fabric.

It’s not every day a new fashion brand launches in New Zealand, so when it does, it’s worth talking about. Bold Clothing is the creation of Kate Dombroski, based in Urenui, but selling to the World! The pre-launch collection, acting as a proof-of-concept, consists of statement bamboo t-shirt dresses, dri-fit singlets and 100% cotton, sequin hoodies featuring some pretty unique designs.

Attendees of this year’s WOMAD festival in New Plymouth, New Zealand experienced Bold Clothing for themselves. “We had a hugely positive response”, says Kate, “people loved the bamboo fabric, and the sequin hoodies, went down a storm”.

The official launch collection in June will focus on bamboo fabric thanks to its many amazing attributes. The sustainable bamboo plant produces some incredible fibres that maintain many of the plant’s natural benefits within the garment. Beautifully breathable and incredibly soft, hypoallergenic, thermal regulating, odour-absorbing and UV protective to SPF40. It’s a pretty amazing source plant.

So what can you expect from Bold Clothing?

Original, durable and versatile, with a style that never goes out of fashion. Our instantly recognisable details, and reversible clothing will cater to women, men and after countless requests – children as well. Targeted at the unique streetwear and casual-wear markets, the designs are eye catching and of course, bold!

In Kate’s own words, “I’ve endeavoured to produce a clothing collection that meets as many needs of people as possible. Namely, being good quality, comfortable, versatile, distinctive and affordable. I know everyone will be amazed at how soft the bamboo fabric feels, and with bamboo being a sustainable source plant, it means Bold leaves less of a carbon footprint as well”.

Look out for Bold Clothing’s new launch collection coming soon – the clothes are reversible, making them even better value. It’s like getting two garments for the price of one.
For now, take advantage of the pre-launch clothing collection at https://boldornaked.com/collections/bold-clothing

4 Finance Options for Hoteliers Surviving the COVID-19 Crisis

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1.   Ask your lender to modify your loan terms and defer payments.  During this difficult period it is important to conduct amicable, transparent, and frequent communication with all stakeholders. This includes lenders along with your corporate business attorney and certified public accountant, as well as your hotel franchise company and any third-party management company. If you are experiencing a severe financial hardship, reach out to your lender and appeal for a modification to the existing loan terms reflecting the new business realities of today and seeking a temporary deferral of monthly loan payments. 

2.   Refinance and Consolidate your Existing Debt.  A good option may be to explore cash out financing of existing debt on your hotel at a higher loan-to-value ratio and with a much lower interest rate and subsequently re-inject such cash equity as needed. There are many standard loan programs available that can achieve this objective. A refinance is a good opportunity for a debt consolidation in which all of a hotel owner’s different debt obligations are paid off and consolidated and afterwards a hotel owner will have just one monthly loan payment with a much better interest rate. You could consider the SBA 7a and 504 loan programs for this purpose. Unfortunately, numerous weary lenders have instituted an indefinite lending freeze on the hotel industry. Consequently, the SBA and SBA’s federal government-backed lenders will play a major role in the rescue of the hotel industry.

3.   New Equity Partner Participation.  I recently had a telephone conversation with an owner of a hotel portfolio with his properties concentrated along NAFTA trucking routes from southern California to south Texas.  Hence, his group was enjoying much higher occupancy rates than other hotels based on business traveler and tourist related clientele. In the coming months, this fortunate owner was preparing to bargain shop for hotels that have experienced catastrophic revenues.  Thus, a scenario like this creates an ideal situation for a win-win within the industry in the form of new investors seeking higher than normal returns by providing much needed cash injections for distressed hotels. 

4.   File for a Chapter 11 Reorganization.  Too many hotel owners view the idea of bankruptcy as a life ending and fateful decision. On the contrary, it can be a fresh start. If a loan modification and/or loan payment deferment is not a possibility, then a Chapter 11 reorganization/restructuring of debt and protection from creditors under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code may be your best option.

Shae Armstrong is a corporate finance attorney with the national law firm of Stinson LLP in Dallas, Texas. Shae is recognized for his work involving private funds, investment companies, and loan arrangements within the hospitality sector.  Shae has advised U.S. House and Senate offices, committees of the U.S. Congress, and policy and industry trade groups on alternative and international investment and lending matters. Shae’s work has been cited in numerous publications including the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Dallas Morning News, The Guardian, and The Washington Times. He earned bachelor’s degree in accounting from Tulane University’s Freeman School of Business, a J.D. from the University of Tulsa, and an executive global masters in management from the London School of Economics and Political Science. Mr. Armstrong is licensed by the Supreme Court of Texas and the U.S. Court of International Trade.

Who pays when an agreement to provide services is canceled due to COVID-19?

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Recently, a professional musician asked me how to handle existing contracts for gigs that will be canceled due to COVID-19. Should he return deposits? Could he seek payment in even if he didn’t play the gig? His band members count on the gigs to pay rent and support their families. But he didn’t want to get sued, and he wanted to avoid hurting his reputation with venues where he wants to play in the future.

Thousands of service providers and their clients are asking these questions. Plumbers, contractors, gardeners, child care providers and repair people are getting cancellations from people who cannot risk inviting someone into their homes and from businesses that are shut down. Homeowners and businesses are wondering about deposits and cancellation fees they agreed to pay. Visual artists, muralists, and graphic designers may be confined to their homes and unable to fulfill promises they made months ago.

A full analysis of these issues could fill volumes. This article will briefly explain a few of the key concepts likely to come into play.

Language of the contract

The first place to seek answers to the above questions is the written contract. Look for a “Force Majeur” clause. A typical force majeure clause says neither party to the contract can be held responsible if it was forced to violate the terms of the contract due to unforeseen circumstances beyond the party’s control.

For instance, a contract to paint a building may require the painting to be completed no later than May 1st. But a force majeur clause in the contract may say that deadline does not apply if a natural disaster occurs.

Other contract terms may come into play as well. The contract may state what happens to a deposit if one party or the other cancels the service. It may say the service can or will be provided at a later time if delayed by unforeseen circumstances. Or it may give a definitive time limit beyond which the service provider will not get paid if the job isn’t done; or a deadline after which the service provider gets to keep the deposit if the client cancels.

Impossibility / impracticability

What if the language of the written agreement does not answer your question?

In most states including California, if it is impossible for a party to a contract to fulfill its duties under a contract, then his or her performance is excused.

For instance, in the example of the contract to paint a building, if the building burned down, the painter would likely avoid liability for not painting it.

Frustration of purpose

What if the building stayed intact, but the building was condemned by local officials? In that case, the building owner might be able to cancel the painting job without liability by claiming “frustration of purpose.” This defense applies when performance of the contract remains possible, but the reason the parties entered the agreement has been frustrated by an unexpected.

For instance, the purpose of a musical performance might be frustrated if the potential audience is under a stay-at-home order or if the venue has been ordered to shut down.

Practical considerations

If you are in a situation like my musician friend or the owners of venues where he was scheduled to perform, you should first contact a lawyer like my friend did. Nothing in this article is a substitute for legal advice tailored to your situation, and this article does not cover anywhere close to all of the potential situations and contracts out there.

All of the legal issues above, however, may be far less important than your ongoing relationship with the other party to the contract and your reputation with your customer or client base. Especially in light of the COVID-19 situation, parties should all understand that we are dealing with “acts of god,” and contracts may have become impossible or purposeless.

Whether you are the service provider or customer, it’s a good idea to first look at the contract, then talk to a lawyer, but then get on the phone. Try to negotiate and to connect on a business and personal level before resorting to legal action. You may save a lot of time, frustration, and money – and improve your business reputation for the day (hopefully soon!) when you can open your doors or get back on stage again.

Filed Under: Law

Bribery of Foreign Officials in Ancient Times and the Emergence of Anti-Foreign Bribery Regulations Only Over Two Millenniums Later

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Commentators have compared bribery to witchcraft in that it is known to be widely practiced yet no one admits to practicing it.  Nonetheless, recorded instances of bribery and government corruption date back 3,000 years to ancient Egypt and Rome. Around 1300 B.C., King Horemheb of ancient Egypt was the first leader in history to denounce corruption by enacting laws to combat graft.  Additionally, in 181 B.C., the ancient Romans instituted, Lex Baebia, the first law criminalizing elections bribery.

Despite continual and widespread governmental condemnation of bribery and corruption dating back to ancient times, the specific act of bribing foreign officials for commercial purposes was not deemed unlawful by any state until 1977 upon the passage of the U.S Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA).  Therefore, should we conclude that the act of foreign official bribery didn’t exist until more recent times?

On the contrary, although not as well documented as domestic bribery matters, instances of foreign official bribery are chronicled in both ancient Greece and Rome. The first evidenced event involved the corruption of an official in ancient Greece. Themistocles was an Athenian military commander and statesman.  In the summer of 480 B.C., the Persians invaded parts of Ancient Greece. The local people bribed the Athenian military leader, Themistocles, for protection, and in turn, Themistocles used part of the sum to bribe his allied commander, Eurybiades (who wished to retreat), to remain and fight while pocketing the rest.

Another ancient instance of bribing a foreign official was memorialized by the Romans.  Jugurtha, was the King of Numidia (118 B.C. – 105 B.C.) The lands of Numidia now consist of mainly Algeria in northern Africa. Jugurtha was known to be proficient at bribery of Roman senators (and thus evading indictment for his crimes) and this resulted in the Jugurthine War between Rome and Numidia. Jugurtha enjoyed numerous battle wins against the Romans as a result of his bribes paid to Roman generals in consideration for moments of voluntary withdraw.

The FCPA of 1977 is the oldest law that prohibits and criminalizes corrupt payments to foreign public officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. For the first thirty years of the FCPA’s existence, it was infrequently enforced, but starting in the early 2000s due to various factors including rampant corporate corruption, greater global cooperation, the 9/11 attacks, and the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the U.S. government commenced an aggressive global campaign against foreign bribery facilitated by U.S. individuals and corporations.

Notwithstanding the introduction of domestic bribery laws in ancient times, why did it take another 2,000 years for the enactment of foreign bribery laws relating to commercial transactions?  The answer is two-fold.

First, and most notably, the wealthiest and most powerful nations are most often the cradles of foreign bribery culprits as these individuals and organizations hold the resources that allow them to expand their commercial operations abroad while using such resources to seek favorable terms in foreign lands. Consequently, the culprit’s own government may have historically viewed these efforts as economically and geo-politically constructive for the home nation.  Hence, since more recent times, foreign bribery was probably viewed by the public sector as a beneficial and self-serving activity for the bribor and its country of origin.

Second, for the last 2,000 years, first world nations such as the U.K. and the U.S. may have downplayed the harm resulting from foreign bribery.  We now know that activities that fall under such laws such as the FCPA harm both countries related to the dealing. Specifically, foreign corporate bribery leads to poverty as the ones who lose are the lower and middle classes that rely on governmental assistance. The world is slowly learning that ethics yields better consequences then corruption as corruption abolishes the moral and financial bases of a country and it consumes decades of education. Further, harms of foreign bribery include the expulsion of honest officials and the weakening of democratic society due to erosion of public trust.

Author Bio:

Shae Armstrong is a corporate finance attorney with the national law firm of Stinson LLP in Dallas, Texas. Shae is recognized for his work involving private funds, investment companies, and loan arrangements with a focus on cross border transactions.  Shae has advised U.S. House and Senate offices, committees of the U.S. Congress, and policy and industry trade groups on alternative and international investment and lending matters. Shae’s work has been cited in numerous publications including including the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Dallas Morning News, The Guardian, and The Washington Times. Shae is also a Certified Financial Crime Specialist through the Association of Certified Financial Crime Specialists (ACFCS) and he advises his clients on matters including anti-money laundering and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). He earned a undergraduate degree in accounting from Tulane University’s Freeman School of Business, a  law degree from the University of Tulsa, and an executive global masters in management from the London School of Economics. Mr. Armstrong is licensed by the Supreme Court of Texas and the U.S. Court of International Trade.

How To Use Positive Affirmations For Success

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Using positive affirmations every day and all throughout the course of your day will help you achieve the success in every area of your life you’ve always wanted. What is a positive affirmation? A positive affirmation is a positive statement or declaration of what you affirm and choose to be your reality in life. “I am a naturally happy person” for example is a positive affirmation that tells your subconscious mind that when all is said and done you look on the bright side of things and generally feel happy. Using affirmations helps you create a new self-image that enables you feel better and succeed more!

Affirmations help us tell ourselves a more loving supportive story about who we are and what we are capable of in life. Thinking better is the key to feeling better. Feeling better is the key to creating a better life and going beyond our comfort zone and our fear to achieve more! You can do better and feel better in life by taking charge of your thoughts and becoming a positive story teller. The stories we tell ourselves about who we are greatly influences how we feel. How we feel influences what we do or do not do, and that determines what changes we create in life!

When you begin a mindful practice of daily use of well-crafted affirmations you will see that changing what you focus on and think about will dramatically change how you feel, how you act, and the good fortune you have in your life. Using affirmations throughout your day as you work and study and go about your life can help you to think in a positive way and feel less stress. These affirmations will also guide you to meet and engage with people around you in a more calm, peaceful and positive way. And when people see you as a positive, kind person, they tend to want to help you more and introduce you to others who can help you in life. Positive affirmations help you to radiate kindness.

“I am confident in my ability to succeed in achieving my goals and desires!” is another positive affirmation from the creators at HappyCards. Self-confidence is very important in attracting great relationships and achieving financial or academic success. If we do not believe in ourselves how can we expect others to do so? Self-confidence is easy to spot in others and others will see it in us. You can use the free daily inspirational affirmations HappyCards.pro has created for everyone to begin to feel happier and more confident every day.

Nobody is happy or confident all the time. In fact most of us are full of fear and anxiety that keeps us from going out and starting a new business or meeting someone for a new relationship. Confidence has a great deal to do with the stories we tell ourselves about who we are as people. We can choose a new story, one that describes ourselves as successful, kind, attractive and a person to be admired. This is not being egotistical or conceited. It is about loving who we are and creating a happy feeling that others respond well to around us! Affirmations help us do this!

How can you use affirmations to help your life improve?

When you wake up every day start your day with one or more positive affirmations to create a positive feeling that will carry through the rest of your day. Here’s a good morning affirmation you can start using. “I embrace and allow the good around me and within me to grow today as I attract kind people and good fortune.”  Here’s another morning affirmation you can use. “Today is a great day! I easily see the good in myself and everyone I encounter today.”  Here’s another affirmation. “When things appear not to go my way today, I instantly know the Universe is showing me an even better way.” The affirmation cards from Happy Cards come with stickers so you can stick your affirmation cards up on your work area computer, monitor or laptop for example. You can put them on your bathroom mirror so you can see them and say them each time you are there. Once you learn how to tap into your intuitive higher consciousness while reciting your affirmations you will notice more and more happy coincidences and positive things happening in your life.

If you have stress about money, and who doesn’t these days, then you can use affirmations to create a sense of wealth and prosperity because you can focus on what and who you are grateful for in life. Focusing on gratitude will help you feel better immediately and will help attract good fortune because successful people like to help, hire and do business with people with positive attitudes and self-confidence.

You can learn more about the power of positive affirmations and how to tap into your hidden mental and spiritual powers to make your life work better and overcome your hidden mental blocks to success.

This article tells all readers about the Importance of positive affirmations in life. You can make use of affirmations to achieve your desired success in your career, business and relationships. Creating a positive self-compassionate mindset is the key to success. For best results use positive affirmations throughout your day!

Benefits Of Using Organic Private Label Skincare Products

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The human skin is the largest sense organ. Its job is to protect you from pathogens, and from day to day wear/tear. It is porous in nature which is why you should be very careful while choosing skin care products. Due to your skin’s porous nature, more than fifty per cent of whatever you apply on your skin gets directly absorbed into your bloodstream.

So definitely you don’t want your body to become a storehouse of chemicals that are abundantly found in artificially made skincare products. So what is the solution!?

Switch to organic private label skin care products for flawless skin.

Using organic skin care products come with a plethora of benefits. Some of them are enunciated in the following sections.

Please pay attention.

Organic private label skincare products use only natural ingredients

Certified private label cosmetic manufacturers use natural ingredients in their skincare products. These ingredients are derived from natural sources that are grown without using pesticides and artificial fertilizers.

With this information in mind, you should know that by switching to natural skin care products you can rest assured that your skin is absorbing natural, real, nourishing and harmless ingredients.

Organic skincare products are ideal for sensitive skin

Private label skin care manufacturers, that are associated with the manufacturing and selling of organic skincare products, as stated earlier, do not use any form of harmful chemicals in their products.

This means those of you who are very picky about the cosmetics you use on a regular basis, need to switch today! Organic skin care products do not alter the pH levels of your skin. The result is simple to understand – no more skin irritations, inflammations, itching or burning!

People with sensitive skins should throw away artificially manufactured skincare products and replace them with natural skincare products for the best results.

If you want better results, go organic!

Organic skin care products from a leading private label organic cosmetics manufacturer are packed with natural antioxidants, essential skin vitamins and much more.

These help in limiting the free radical damage on your skin all the while ensuring that your skin’s collagen production capacity is enhanced. The result will be a healthy, younger-looking skin that has a complexion to die for!

Your skin will thank you!

In order to get satisfactory results, always choose organic skin care products manufactured by the best private label skin care manufacturers. These manufacturers have all the necessary paperwork and permits at their disposal making their products 100 per cent safe for use.

Furthermore, with prolonged use, you will notice that the damage done to your skin by artificial skincare products over the years are slowly going away! Signs of damage like premature wrinkles, dry or chapped skin will be soon gone when you switch to organic skincare products.

For the best results, always choose natural skin care products that have coconut oil, aloe vera, honey and shea butter, as the primary ingredients. Products containing these have been proven to deliver nourishment to the user’s skin. Furthermore, such products can also enhance collagen production and restore natural moisture content thereby ensuring you have soft and healthy skin, all through the year!

Acupuncture and Karma Yoga Institute

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Four sutras about yoga. Meditation results.

  1. The first sutra. Simply about the philosophical essence of yoga.
  2. The second sutra. Simply about the Path of Yoga.
  3. The third sutra. The possibility of social concentration.
  4. The fourth sutra. Just about reaching the states.

Briefly about the author.

Four sutras about yoga. The first sutra.

Simply about the philosophical essence of yoga.

Concentration, skill to concentrate, distraction of attention – an obstacle in the practice of concentration.

The terms: Yoga, Sutra, Samadhi, Siddhi, Samyama, Asana, Pranayama, Raja Yoga, Vritti, Shloka, Hatha Yoga.

1.1. The whole essence of Patanjali’s “Yoga Sutras” is in the regular practice of attaining states.

1.2. The complexity of the practice of Patanjali’s “Yoga Sutras” is the age of the text itself, which is over 2,000 years old. The “yoga sutra” of Patanjali is separated from the modern reader not only by time, but also by the difference in the mentality of the East and the West.

1.3. For a simple explanation of the “Philosophical Essence of Yoga,” I apply the two principles of Pedagogy: “From simple – to complex” and “From general to particular”. These two principles always work.

1.4. Complexities – repel many. Especially, the complexity of the Sanskrit terminology. Take Sanskrit terms as the names of new acquaintances. This makes understanding easier. The name of the person we learn at the first meeting. So it is the same with terminology.

1.5. Let’s begin

1.6. We all know Life. First of all, from parents. Then in school. Then in career. Then in the family. So, it is in yoga. And the process of learning Yoga is very similar to the process of learning Life. Yoga is the way to achieve practical skills for getting into high spiritual states. In a case, examples of such high states are the states of Happiness and Love. We will talk about classical definitions of yoga later.

1.7. States. High spiritual states are part of our life. Spiritual states are part of our lives. Ordinary states are part of our life. Each state has its own status. At the “first sutra” level, I just gave you three examples of this status.

1.8. At the level of physiology, the status of states can be measured. Measure with the hormones of happiness. For example, endorphins. Which create a state of euphoria, along with other hormones.

1.9. What is called a state of Samadhi in yoga is a state of higher euphoria. Which is achieved by the natural way of yoga practice. That is, the state of the Highest Happiness. Such a state cannot be experienced accidentally. To the states of simple and ordinary happiness one must go. One cannot just wait for happiness – it must be built and created. Large consists of small. It is necessary to begin from small to come to the highest. And it does not work the other way around. The path begins with the first step.

1.10. Now you know the goal of the philosophy of yoga. These are states. At the most primitive level. This is the achievement of the state of Happiness. Not with the help of drugs, but as a result of practicing yoga exercises. Of course, this happiness is very far from the usual human understanding (or definition) of happiness.

1.11. The yogis of antiquity have found their way to such a Highest Happiness. And the path to this Highest Happiness gives you many side effects called Siddhas or Extra Power Abilities. And these Extra Power Abilities open up AFTER reaching certain states, and not vice versa.

1.12. “Yoga Sutra” Patanjali writes about these abilities (Siddhas) in his fourth chapter. And this is not the ultimate goal – this is the beginning of Freedom. Simply because after Samadhi, there are many different Samyamas. That is, after attaining the state of Samadhi, 1000 paths open before the adept. And every practice of Samyama opens its way.

1.13. This view of yoga can be called a “look from above,” or a description of the philosophical system of yoga “From the general to the particular.”

1.14. Naturally, the peak of yoga practice, as it is commonly believed, is the state of Samadhi. This level is reached by just a few out of the millions of practitioners, and these “lucky ones” are not in a hurry to share their successes with the population of the planet. They just do not have time for us.

1.15. Three analogies on the “lucky” aspect. For example, at conception, of all spermatozoa, only about 10,000,000 spermatozoa fall into the uterus. The rest die in an acidic environment, even earlier, before entering the uterus. And the egg is impregnated with one sperm. One out of 10 million. This is just an example, to assess the statistics of “lucky” in nature. The same happens in the lottery, where the chance to win is less than the chance of conception. In sports, the statistics are different, but of the millions involved, there is only one gold medal.

1.16. In the practice of yoga, perhaps the same statistics. Although, this is a controversial issue. But you already have examples.

1.17. Now, the principal “From simple – to complex”. Patanjali mentions “The Eight Steps of Yoga,” but does not describe neither Asana or Pranayama. Mentions, yes. But does not describe. “Yoga Sutra” is a treatise on the practice of Raja Yoga. Patanjali begins his treatise on the practice of Raja Yoga with control over the activities of the mind. Patanjali calls this practice – Concentration.

1.18. Raja yoga begins with the formation of a concentration skill.

1.19. The skill of concentration is used not only in yoga. We learn concentration when passing school and college exams. We learn concentration in sports. We learn to concentrate on music lessons, programming, math. And in many other life situations. Without concentration there is no social achievement.

1.20. This skill, concentration skill, is not taught purposefully. In modern schools and colleges there is no such discipline “Practice of concentration”. This is taught by yoga and other oriental systems of self-improvement.

1.21. Almost everyone who teaches himself concentration, is faced with a “distraction of attention”.

1.22. This “distraction of attention” can be internal and external.

1.23. External “distraction of attention” during concentration practice — are any signals that come from outside through our five perception organs of the world around us. Hearing, sight, smell, touch, tactile sensations. For example, if your child does lessons and listens to music, the sound distracts attention from concentration.

1.24. Like talking on the phone while driving, distracts the driver from the road.

1.25. Victory in sports, or in music, without concentration of attention – is impossible. All sports injuries occur with “distraction of attention”.

1.26. Internal “distraction of attention” is our thoughts, emotions, subconscious programs, sensations of the body.

1.27. Raja Yoga Patanjali classifies various “distractions of attention” and treats Yoga as a skill “to keep thought from transforming into other images.”

1.28. Therefore, the skill of “concentration of attention” can be considered basic in any practice of yoga. As in ordinary, social life.

1.29. At present, there is a huge number of autistic children on the planet. The consciousness of these children lives in “other spaces”. All that parents, educators, teachers try to do with such children is educating (training, daily training) the concentration of attention of autistic children on earth objects.

1.30. Patanjali in the “Yoga Sutra” concentrates the reader’s attention on the internal distraction of attention”. Such, internal “distraction of attention” Patanjali calls Vritti, or “attachment.” In the shloka (shloka -line, verse) 1.12 Patanjali speaks about the need to regularly supervise (train) Vritti. This training, Patanjali calls an exercise.

1.31. When studying the “Yoga of the Sutra,” the principle “From the simple to the complex,” makes it much easier to understand this ancient and intricate text. Therefore, it is desirable for a beginner to understand the general structure of the Patanjali Yoga Path and, temporarily, to skip numerous details.

1.32. So, the first and basic practice of Raja Yoga is getting the “concentration of attention” skill.

1.33. All Asanas (exercises of Hatha yoga) on balance teach such “concentration of attention”. In exercises on balance, without “concentration of attention” – the exercises do not work.

1.34. Usually, children do not want to learn “concentration of attention”. Games with exercises on balance are a wonderful training.

1.35. First sutra, lectures “Four sutras about Yoga”, finished.

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